Nobel Prize 2018 and 2019
Published on Aug 13, 2020
The Nobel Prize is one of the most prestigious awards. It is given by the name of Alfred Nobel, a famous chemist, engineer, inventor and businessman. This award is given to the people doing excellent in their respective fields. Nobel Prize winners are selected from the following fields-
- Physiology or Medicine
- Physics
- Chemistry
- Literature
- Peace
- Economic Sciences
History
- The Nobel Prize foundation was found by Alfred Nobel on 27th November 1895.
- Alfred Nobel donated a large part of his possession to Nobel Prize series in the field of literature, Physics, Chemistry, physiology and Peace.
- The prize for economics was established in 1968 by the Swedish central bank (SverigesRiksbank).
- Nobel Prize for economics is also known as SverigesRiksbank Prize in Economics.
- First Nobel Prize was given in the year 1901 after the death of Alfred Nobel.
Nominations
- The noble committee sends nomination letters to about 3000 people in the month of September a year before the prize ceremony.
- Candidates have to return the nomination form by 31st January.
- Candidates are nominated by the members of academics, university professors, scientists, previous Nobel winners and parliament members etc.
Noble prize and Laureates 2018
Nobel Laureates
|
Field
|
Contribution
|
James P. Allison (USA), TasukuHonjo (Japan)
|
Physiology
|
Discovered the therapy of cancer by inhibition of negative immune regulation.
|
Gerard Mourou (France),
Arthur Ashkin (USA),
Donna Strickland (Canada)
|
Physics
|
Generated ground-breaking tools for light beams
|
George Smith (USA),
Frances Arnold (USA),
Greg Winter (UK)
|
Chemistry
|
Developed protein, they have used evolutionary principles that will be helpful in new drugs and medical treatments.
|
No Nobel prize for literature in 2018
|
Literature
|
-
|
Denis Mukwege (Democratic Republic of Congo),
Nadia Murad (Germany)
|
Peace
|
For helping the victims of sexual violence in the democratic republic in congo.
|
William Noradhaus (USA),
Paul Romer (US)
|
Economic Sciences
|
For integrating innovation and climate with economic growth
|
Nobel Prizes and laureates 2019
Nobel Prize Laureates
|
Field
|
Contribution
|
William G. Kaelin Jr, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza
|
Physiology
|
Discovery about cell senses and oxygen adaptability
|
James Peebles, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz
|
Physics
|
James Peebles: theoretical discovery of Physical cosmology
Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz: discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star
|
John B, Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham and Akhira Yoshino
|
Chemistry
|
Discovery of Lithium-ion batteries development
|
Peter Handke
|
Literature
|
Discovered influential work with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and specificity of human experience
|
Abiy Ahmed Ali
|
Peace
|
For efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation and decisive initiative to resolve the border issues with Eritrea.
|
Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo and Micheal Kremer
|
Economic sciences
|
For the experimental approach of alleviating global poverty.
|
Facts about Nobel Prize
- Nobel Prize for physics and chemistry is given by Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
- Nobel Prize for Economics is given by The SverigesRiksbank.
- Nobel Prize for Physiology is given by KarolinskaInstitute.
- Nobel Prize for Literature is given by The Swedish Academy.
- Nobel Prize for peace is given by The Norwegian Nobel Committee.
- In 1901, the world’s first award was given jointly to the founder of Red Cross Society, Henri Dunant (French) and founder of the French peach society, Frederic Passt.
- ICRC has been awarded 3 times with Nobel Prize.
- The oldest person to receive the Nobel price at the age of 90 is Leonid Harweiz.
- Nobel Prize for a field can be awarded to only 3 people at a time.
- Nobel Prize for peace is always given in Oslo, the capital of Norway and rest of the awards are given in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden.
- Nobel Prize is always given on 10th December because it is the death anniversary of Alfred Nobel.
- Nobel Prize is given to a living person. If declared dead after the declaration of the prize, then it can be given.
- Noble Laureates are honoured with 3 things- Nobel Diploma, Nobel Medal and Nobel Prize amount (approx. $10 lakh).